[PDF] Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Their Associations with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes | Semantic Scholar (2024)

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A review of studies that have shown different effects of non-calorie sweeteners on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, body weight, the composition of intestinal microbiota, as well as the regulation of eating behavior shows that low-calorie sugar substitutes can be used in obese people as part of a comprehensive weight loss program.

Increased weight gain with reduced food intake in livestock fed NNS suggested the existence of a true adverse effect of NNS on obesity and its closelyassociated diabetes.

Investigation of the effects of long-term consumption of nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners with or without high fat diet on sweet taste receptor expression in nutrient-sensing tissues and energy regulation dependent on sweet-Sensing found down-regulation in the tongue and hypothalamus and alterations in hypothalamic appetite signals.

The history and current knowledge of non-nutritive sweeteners, their reported utility and effects on host physiology and the gut microbiome are discussed, and a model for investigating the underlying mechanism behind reported effects of NNS on the Gut microbiome is described.

Future research should consider gender and species vulnerability when the impact of such substances on GM community and metabolic health is scrutinized in order to guide their adequate use at doses relevant to human use.

Treatment of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with aspartame or its three metabolites resulted in significantly elevated oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial damage, which was illustrated with reduced cardiolipin levels, increased gene expression of SOD1/2, PINK 1, and FIS1, and an increase in APF fluorescence.

Investigating the association between UPF consumption and free sugars intake in the Canadian population found that almost half of the population’s energy intake came from UPF, and most of these calories came from free sugars.

A concurrent consumption of AceK exacerbated HCD-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE−/− mice, and AceK might increase the risk of atherosclerosis under HCD.

This study shows that diet c-NCS associates with increased FGDs including diarrhea, post-prandial discomfort, constipation, and burning or retrosternal pain, and a NCS-f diet could be a complementary strategy to alleviate FGDs.

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A systematic review and network meta-analysis of the comparative effectiveness of sweetener additives using Bayesian techniques found that non-caloric sweeteners reduced energy intake compared to the sucrose groups by approximately 250-500 kcal/day.

It is demonstrated that sucralose affects the glycemic and insulin responses to an oral glucose load in obese people who do not normally consume NNS.

The results suggest that the most negative consequences of consuming high-intensity sweeteners may occur in those most likely to use them for weight control, females consuming a "Westernized" diet and already prone to excess weight gain.

It is demonstrated that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of glucose intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage.

The weight of epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that a greater consumption of SSBs is associated with weight gain and obesity, and sufficient evidence exists for public health strategies to discourage consumption of sugary drinks as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Serum metabolomics analysis revealed aspartame to be rapidly metabolized and to be associated with elevations in the short chain fatty acid propionate, a bacterial end product and highly gluconeogenic substrate, potentially explaining its negative affects on insulin tolerance.

Evidence from RCTs does not clearly support the intended benefits of nonnutritive sweeteners for weight management, and observational data suggest that routine intake of non-nutritives may be associated with increased BMI and cardiometabolic risk.

Nonnutritive sweeteners, including saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, and acesulfame-potassium, are commonly consumed in the general population, and all are considered safe for use during pregnancy and lactation.

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